Hashimoto s Thyroiditis An Autoimmune Disorder Of The...

Michelle Henry Cheramie Trahan Biology 2402 November 27, 2016 Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis History of the Disease Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis is considered an autoimmune disorder of the thyroid, first discovered in 1912, by a Japanese doctor, Hakaru Hashimoto. Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis disease is currently considered a genetically predisposed disorder caused by both environmental and endogenous conditions. Genetically predisposed Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis, occurs more often in Caucasians over other ethnicities. Environmental factors that produce the autoimmune disorder are infections, disproportionate iodine intake, drugs, as well as chemical and radiation exposure, according to Syrenicz, Anhelli (2013) This paper will discuss the importance of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis disease, symptoms, Metabolic and Physiological effects, treatment options, and side effects associated with treatments. Dr. Hakaru Hashimoto identified four patients with similar characteristics such as: â€Å"diffuse lymphocytic infiltration, fibrosis, parenchymal atrophy, and eosinophil ic change in some of the acinar cells.† Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis often presents a painless yet enlarged thyroid gland, called a goiter. Hashimoto’s disease was often misdiagnosed and often found by either surgery or a thyroidectomy, according to Syrenicz, Anhelli (2013) Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis can also come as an attack on the thyroid via an autoimmune disorder. The immune system can attack the thyroid; however, no one knows exactly why thisShow MoreRelatedHashimoto’S Thyroiditis, Also Called Hashimoto’S Disease1411 Words   |  6 PagesHashimoto’s Thyroiditis, also called Hashimoto’s disease is an autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system attacks the thyroid gland. It was named for the Japanese surgeon who discovered it in 1912 The thyroid is a small butterfly shaped gland in the front of the neck. The thyroid makes hormones called T3 and T4. These hormones regulate metabolism. The thyroid is controlled by hor mones of the pituitary gland, which is also called the â€Å"master gland.† It is a pea-sized gland located in theRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Autoimmune Diseases834 Words   |  4 PagesClassification of autoimmune diseases Autoimmune diseases are caused by auto-antibodies, according to auto-antibodies can be divided into: organ-specific, which affects one organ; non-organ specific, which are a multisystem disease. 2.1. Organ-specific 2.1.1. Autoimmune thyroid diseases They are a common cause of thyroid disorders and it is caused by auto-antibodies against the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSH), intracytoplasmic antigen or thyroglobulin. 2.1.1.1.Grave s disease Grave s diseaseRead MoreStarting At The Age Of Seven, I Can Distinctly Remember1525 Words   |  7 PagesStarting at the age of seven, I can distinctly remember hearing the constant worry and concern of my mother s voice while looking at the bulging goiter in my neck. Due to this concern, I was placed in the hospital while battling intense throat pain and confusion. Through various lab works and examinations my doctor ruled out that I have Hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism is of such high interest to me due to the fact that I will be living with this disease for the rest of my life. This disease is rootedRead MoreLife Of Working Women During The Years Of Women2217 Words   |  9 PagesIn today s age women are the main suffers of medical conditions as well as psychiatric problems. Women are constantly trying to maintain a balance between work and family. They are prone to more stress due to the responsibilities they have to balance. For many years psychologists have tried to understan d the root cause of the problem especially from a biological perspective. The general consensus amongst them suggests that thyroid dysfunction may be an important factor to consider especially inRead MoreDisease, High Blood Cholesterol And Brain Diseases990 Words   |  4 Pageschronic lymphocytic thyroiditis is directly correlated to the thyroid gland: meaning that it is autoimmune deficiency disease. The thyroid is apart of the endocrine system in which that it produces certain hormones to regulate body functions. A doctor named Dr. Haraku Hashimoto titled this disease, since he was the first to discover and describe the certain conditions. Particularly, this disease causes inflammation in the thyroid. It was stated above that Hashimoto’s was as an autoimmune deficiency disease;Read MoreDescription Of Pseudoseizures Versus True Seizures3543 Words   |  15 PagesNeuroendocrine Tumors: Insulinoma). Insulinoma is often misdiagnose because of the many factors that can cause hypoglycemia and seizure. The research article, Misdiagnosis of Seizures: Insulinoma Presenting as Adult-onset Seizure Disorder by TD Graves, S Gandhi, S J M Smith, SM Sisodiya, and G S Conway discusses the diagnostic error made on a 44 year old woman. The woman was referred for management of refractory seizures. Her symptoms began at the age of 40 when she experienced monthly episodes of confusion andRead MoreCase Study of Graves Disease Essay1639 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The case study selected focused on Grave’s disease an autoimmune disorder involving over production of thyroid hormones triidiothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). In the United States it is the most common form of hyperthyroidism. The over taxed organ then becomes enlarged (goiter). This case study report will discuss the clinical progression and presentation of this disease, define and describe what an autoimmune disorder is, outline what clinical testing is performed for proper diagnosisRead MoreCoexistence of Autoimmune Disease with Type I Diabetes Mellitus in Libyan Patients2041 Words   |  8 Pagesclinical study was undertaken on 849 patients admitted in endocrine department of Tripoli Medical Center from December 2007 to July 2008. From the patients files, the concomitant disease presence or absence was also recorded; especially with reference thyroid function. The important investigations as prescribed by the physician were also recorded. patient’s serum level o f T4, T3, FT4, FT3 and TSH were measured for 748 patients. The venous blood samples were taken from all the subjects in the morning afterRead MoreHypothyroidism : Understanding Thyroid Function And Treatment Essay1678 Words   |  7 Pages Hypothyroidism: Understanding Thyroid Function and Treatment Nicollette Ames Blackhawk Technical College Hypothyroidism The history of hypothyroidism dates way back to the 1800s; seeing the symptoms in patients, even before the disease was able to be diagnosed. Later realizing that many of the cases of cretinism, later called hypothyroidism, were largely associated with the lack in function of the thyroid. Today, also realizing that there is not only internal factors that influenceRead MoreClinical Manifestations Of Hiv Infections1545 Words   |  7 Pagesmentioned. Past medical history should include recurrent infections, blood transfusions, or use of blood products, chronic illnesses, tuberculosis, hepatitis, sexually transmitted infections, and autoimmune disorders. Family history of malignancy, anemia, recent infectious disease, tuberculosis, immune disorders, or hemophilia. Personal and social history include travel places, use of illicit drugs (intravenous and injections), and sexual history. Sexual history should include important risk factors for

Understand Current National and Organisational Policies...

Understand current national and organisational policies and practices for literacy development 1.1, Explain the aims and importance of learning provision for literacy development The learning provisions for development in literacy are extremely important and can be reached by using their language skills. They learn to communicate with others through three main ways: they are Speaking, Reading and Writing. These three areas interact with each other and develop the Childs self-expression and imagination. They must be given the opportunity within all different subject areas to use and extend their language so that their thinking skills progress to a higher level. The literacy curriculum is for pupils to explore and expand on how language†¦show more content†¦Whilst in class during a literacy lesson, children with very little English language will complete early learning games. This could be made up of cards matching pictures to their English word cards, for example, a picture of a horse will match to the word ‘horse’. As their English progresses, they would become more involved in the lessons that the whole class is doing, but we would be considerate by using more basic language so that it gives the child confidence in what they are doing. Correcting their grammar is essential; otherwise they fall into lazy habits. However, this must be done in a sensitive and caring manner. An example of this is a year 4 Portuguese boy in my class. He has been with us for 2 years. He recently asked me ‘can I drink water please’. I told him the correct way to ask was ‘can I have a drink of water please’. He now asks correctly each time. 1.2, Summarise the relevant policy and age related expectations of learners relevant to literacy development in the setting. If you are supporting pupils literacy development you will need to be aware of your schools English or literacy policy. This will outline your schools approach to the teaching of reading, writing, speaking and listening and should follow local or national guidelines. In England and Wales, the National Primary Literacy Framework outlines the structure for the teaching of literacy. It shows 12 strands of learning which a child must be taught throughoutShow MoreRelatedTda 3.12 Support Numeracy Development762 Words   |  4 PagesUNIT 312 - Understand Current National and Organisational Frameworks for Mathematics The aims and importance of learning provision for numeracy development are to ensure all students understand that maths is a vital part of everyday life and will continue to be used throughout their life. Primary schools will teach students to learn various methods and techniques to be able to reach the correct answer. The end goal means more students will be able to solve a mathematical problem, independentlyRead MoreProject Statement Samples: Information Systems5862 Words   |  24 Pages9 ASSESSMENT 2: PRESENTATION 13 SHR032-6 HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT STAFF CONTACT DETAILS Unit Co-ordinator: Sarah Jones Office: HM18 11am-1pm Wednesday Tel: 01582 7349036 Email: sarah.jones@beds.ac.uk Tutors: Amarachi Amaugo Email: amarachi.amaugo@beds.ac.uk Martin Goodman Email: martin.goodman@beds.ac.uk INTRODUCTION Welcome to this unit which covers key aspects of the professional practices concerned with a field that has itself developed significantlyRead MoreBSBHRM405A Support The Recruitment Selection And Induction Of Staff2650 Words   |  11 PagesStudent Name: ___________________________________________ Student No.: ___________________ Date Due: _____ / _____ / _____ Date Submitted: _____ / _____ / _____ Student Declaration: I declare that I understand how assessment will take place for this unit. I also understand that work completed towards this assessment must be verifiably my own. __________________________________ _____________________________________ ______________ Student Name Student signature Read MoreChildcare: Education and Subject Code Essay43120 Words   |  173 Pagesall centres across the country and in recent years to its increasing cohorts of overseas learners. In 2009 OCNW became Ascentis - a company limited by guarantee and a registered educational charity Ascentis is distinctive in that it is both: ï‚ § a National Awarding Body approved by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority (QCA) and ï‚ § an Access Validating Agency for „Access to H.E Programmes‟ licensed by the Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education Ascentis is therefore able to offer a comprehensiveRead MoreCurriculum Evaluation2577 Words   |  11 Pageswill also evaluate the level 2 Diploma and discuss proposals for improvement. I currently teach at a HMP Moorland where I permanently deliver the bricklaying diploma alongside my colleague. When curriculum development is being considered, Vashist (2003:1) states that the development of curriculum has been ‘conditioned’ by certain influences. Firstly, the subject matter is an obvious influence, then the course content and the influence of quantitative standards. Kelly (2004:2) suggests that curriculumRead MoreA! Tqa Assessment Principles7333 Words   |  30 Pagesrequirements of assessment Understand the principles and requirements of assessment. What is assessment ? | Initially learners are assessed for suitability.Evidence is gathered to provide this information, for example: drivers licence, criminal records bureau disclosure, medical certificate, licences from local authority, evidence of insurance. Are they suited to a customer service based industry? Evidence of any previous qualifications which are relevant and current. i.e. BTEC, NVQ, manual handlingRead MoreExplain key influences on personal learning processes of individuals4164 Words   |  17 PagesUnit 6: Personal and Professional Development in Health and Social Care Unit code: D/600/8958 QCF Level 3: BTEC Nationals Credit value: 20 Guided learning hours: 120 Aim and purpose This unit aims to enable learners to understand the learning process and to give them the skills they need to plan for, monitor and reflect on their professional development. Learners will then be able to investigate and gain an understanding of health or social care provision. Learners mustRead MoreWhat Is Inclusive Education and How Will This Shape Your Teaching Practice?3559 Words   |  15 PagesWhat is inclusive education and how will this shape your teaching practice? 3142/7278EBL – Assignment 1 1 Introduction An inclusive education upholds the ideals of an equitable society where access to and successful participation in education are considered to be the right of every person in that society. This paper will argue that whilst some steps have been taken to ensure equity in education for all, there is still a long way to go before Australia can provide a truly inclusive educationalRead MoreDTTLS Assignments5208 Words   |  21 PagesDTTLS Essay 4. Subject Knowledge and Understanding ↠ Demonstrate an understanding of the skills in literacy, numeracy and ICT which underpin your subject specialism. What skills (and levels) in these areas do your learners need?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Skills: Literacy – to read English for handouts. Spoken – to understand English and follow verbal instructions, to understand feedback and give tutor information re: progress. Written – to complete enrolment forms, health forms, learning aimsRead MoreAward In Education Training 650231182 Words   |  105 Pageslearners, tutors, assessors and quality assurance. Level 3 learning would include: 1. Knowledge of relevant principles, and where appropriate theories, that apply in this field. 2. Evidence of appropriate reading relating to principles, theories and practice. 3. Consideration of how professional values impact on working in this area. 4. Evidence of a reflective approach. 6502 Level 3 - Form 1 Record of achievement Award in Education and Training ASSESSMENT RECORD Candidates Name and Enrolment no

Competitive Environment and Strategy risk - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Competitive Environment and Strategy risk. Answer: Introduction Abu Dhabi National Hotels was founded for almost four decades ago and in recent years has evolved as largest hospitality sector whose prime focus was restaurants, hotels, catering and transportation services (Adnh.com 2017). It can be stated that Abu Dhabi National Hotels was founded with the investment of three other hotels which were acquired from the government policies. The financial statement has been prepared by complying with the provisions of UAE laws. It can be stated that by observing the financial statement of Abu Dhabi National Hotels between 2013 and 2017 there has been steady growth in the cash flow section however it can be observed that there is a decline in the profit margin. Figure: 1 [Financial Statement of Abu Dhabi National Hotels]. [Source: Adnh.com. 2017]. It can be observed that after evaluating the abovementioned financial statement, the annual financial statement of the Abu Dhabi National Hotels has been prepared by considering the key ratios. It can be observed that in 2017 there is a gradual decline in revenue rates and operating income. In this context it can be noticed that the working capital has also declined as compared to 2016. FINANCIALS 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 Revenue 1,196 1,322 1,740 1,803 1,749 Gross-Margins 31.3 34.8 34.4 24.1 25.3 Operating Income 293 476 556 419 307 Operating Margin 24.5 36.0 31.9 23.2 17.6 Net Income 293 472 293 433 305 Dividends 0.20 0.20 0.25 Payroll Ratio --- --- --- --- 46.5 Shares 713 720 1,000 1,000 1,000 Operating cash flow 323 383 556 572 449 Free Cash Flow 222 170 556 -56 -1,700 Free Cash Flow Per Share --- --- --- --- -0.06 Working Capital 951 1,020 615 426 145 Figure: 2 [Current Financial Statements of Abu Dhabi National Hotels]. [Source: Created by the Author]. Competitive environment of Abu Dhabi National Hotels: The chain of hotels owned by the Abu Dhabi National Hotels from the very beginning has been attracting huge customers from Emirate and beyond. It can be stated that the company from time immemorial is focused on attracting white collar customers as well as customers from other parts of the world as well (El-Amrousi and Biln 2013). The companies providing tough competition to the Abu Dhabi National Hotels are Kimpton Hotels and Restaurants, Hamilton Island and Vantage Hospitality Group. It can be observed that several issues were faced by the Abu Dhabi National Hotels regarding its competition in the global economy due to the emergence of the number of competitors in the sector of business and leisure (Ahmad and Saber 2015). Figure: 3 [Customer segmentation of Abu Dhabi National Hotels]. [Source: Created by the Author]. Applying the concept of Strategy on the vision of Abu Dhabi National Hotels: The vision of Abu Dhabi National Hotels is: We have been the pioneers of the hospitality industry in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi and, for almost four decades, our endeavors have opened numerous avenues for others to follow. The companys strategy has undergone major changes due to recent issues on recession. The management has widely focused on the aggressive expansion strategy and is planning to venture new hotels in its portfolio. It can be stated that the management retained focus on the hospitality sector giving further importance to the promotion of tourism (Henderson 2014). The Abu Dhabi National Hotel in collaboration with the Abu Dhabi Tourism Authority would involve in the promotion of overseas tourism by offering special summer holidays packages in order to attract large number of tourists from the GCC countries (Kumar and Waheed 2014). It was observed that one of the most important tourists market for Abu Dhabi National Hotels are the GCC markets which is expected to expand in near future. Figure 4: [Strategic Plan of the Abu Dhabi National Hotels]. [Source: Created by the Author]. Applying Porters Five Forces to the competitive environment of Abu Dhabi National Hotels: Porters Five Forces Analysis Power 1) Threat of new entrants. The threat is definitely high for a new entrant in the hotel industry because of the presence of many other companies in the global markets. High. 2) Bargaining power of buyers. The customers of UAE do not possess buying power to that extent due to the presence of large number of hotels. Low. 3) Bargaining power of suppliers. The suppliers do not have significant bargaining power. Medium. 4) Threat of substitutes. The threat of substitute products and services are relatively low. Low. 5) Degree of rivalry. Strong competition exists among the established rivals in the market which can prove to be serious threat. High Figure: 5 [Porters Five Forces]. [Source: Created by the Author]. The Abu Dhabi National Hotels is an established industry in United Arab Emirates however such established sector may face threats from new entrants (Ahmad and Saber 2015). It can be stated that on the other hand it becomes quite challenging for the new entrant to enter into the market structure and keep pace with the globally established sectors. In order to survive in the competitive market it is important that new entrants should emerge through merger or acquisition (Henderson 2014). There exists strong completion among different rivals however the most important among them is Burj Al Arab. The threat of substitutes is low in case of hotel industry however Abu Dhabi National Hotels has been providing its customers with various alternatives from time to time (El-Amrousi and Biln 2013). The customer loyalty is high and therefore the threat of substitutes is relatively low. The customers do not have the bargaining power due to the presence of large number of hotel industry in United A rab Emirates (Jasra et al. 2012). The bargaining power of suppliers can be defined in the presence of large number of buyers for any product. In case of Abu Dhabi National Hotels the suppliers can be raw material suppliers or real decorators (Kumar and Waheed 2014). These are the basic requirements and therefore the suppliers do not have significant role in bargaining. Emirates Airlines The Emirates Airlines is based in Dubai and is a subsidiary of the Emirates Group, which is wholly owned by the Government of Dubais Investment Corporation. The Emirates Airlines was founded in 1985, when the Gulf-Air began to cut back its services to Dubai and it is the largest Airlines in the Middle-East (Emirates, 2018). The airline has a route up to 102 countries worldwide and owns 142 fleets at present and provides great and exceptional services (Daft and Albers 2013). In the last 17 years it has earned huge profit and as a result the revenue increased considerable which can be observed in the diagram presented below. The diagram shows the financial performance of the Emirates Airlines since last two years quarterly. Financial Highlights 2016-2017 2014-2015 Change in Percentage Revenue and other operating income 67,394 57,224 17.8 Operating profit 2,606 Operating margin 3.9 3.9 10.9 Profit attributable to the Owner 2,310 2,310 5,951 Profit margin 3.4 3.4 10.4 Return on shareholder funds 7.2 28.4 21.2(pts) Total assets 84,127 17,402 17.8 Cash assets 17,586 16,056 9.5 Employee data ----- ----- ---- Average employee strength 42,422 38,797 9.3 Other results 3.9 10.4 61.2 Figure: 1 [Financial Statement of Emirates Airlines]. [Source: Cdn.ek.aero. 2017]. However, the airline relies heavily on International Onward Moving Traffic and remains under intense pressure, which can be stated as one of the major issues of competition. Moreover, the increasing fuel costs and changing Government policies poses as a major threat to the Emirates Airlines (Uddin, Halbouni and Raj 2014). In recent trends the addition of new and popular destinations and joint venture alliances with International players can improve customer confidence and create new opportunities for this Airline. Competitive Environment The Emirates Airline belongs to a highly competitive environment with other fast growing airlines like Qatar Airways and Etihad Airways. These two airways are rapidly growing and giving high competition to the Emirates Airline (Adler and Gellman 2012). The two airlines provide air tickets for various destinations at a low cost, which are currently attracting many customers. However, the Emirates Airlines has been adopting various cost policy as well to compete with these airlines. Figure: 2 [Revenue rates of Emirates Airline]. [Source: Cdn.ek.aero. 2017]. Applying the Mergers and Acquisition approach in the business strategy of Emirates There are various approaches to strategic business management and one of them is the Mergers and Acquisition approach. The merger and acquisition approach is a business strategy adopted by organizations to increase its revenue. When two organizations enter a merger, they provide their services as one, which results in benefits of both the organizations. The Emirates Airlines, in order to hold its market and profit margins, adopts mergers with other airlines. One of them is the merger with Qantas Airlines. Qantas, in one hand, has been struggling to compete with the other airlines and suffered a loss of $450 million and the merger is likely to increase its earnings by $90 million. For Emirates, the merger with Qantas will help in further expansion of its resources and business and result in increasing the profit margins (Uddin, Halbouni and Raj 2014). Moreover, it will help Emirates in covering various new and popular destinations and access to more customer altogether. This is an effective business strategy as it widens the scope of business and helps in facing the increasing competition worldwide (Daft and Albers 2013). The merger will result in more choices to the customers to fly to destinations including Australia, New Zealand and UK with a choice of 3 hub options namely, Dubai, Perth and Singapore (Jasra et al. 2012). Furthermo re, the combined network offers over 2000 routes for Qantas flyers as well. Transformation Initiative Annual Benefits Improving fleet economics through Reconfiguration $70-90m Deepening and broadening Alliances $20-30m Extra-major loss routes $100-120m Streamlining heavy maintenance and Engineering $70-100m Modernizing catering practices and Airport operations $20-50m Figure: 4 [The objectives of the Emirates-Qantas merger]. [Source: Created by the Author]. Applying the Key Success factors approach on Emirates Airlines competition environment There are certain factors in the airline industry to ensure successful performance. Emirates has adopted this approach for successful business operation however it should ensure that the employees are well trained in order to manage customers and meet their expectations (Kumar and Waheed 2014). Airlines should focus on providing standard products and services to the customers by promoting new and attractive offers. The other factors are maximization of revenue by making new polices on prices, managing expenses, income and investment (Jasra et al. 2012). The Emirates Airlines has focused in all these areas and has been successful in emerging as one of the most popular airlines in the global market. The factors affecting the operational performance of the Emirates Airlines has been explained with the help of the table below. It can be observed that the operating statistics of Emirates have increased in recent years from 2014 to 2015. There has been considerable increase in the Aircraft numbers and the carrying capacity increased from last year to 33,981. Emirates Operating Statistics 2016-2017 2014-2015 Change in Percentage Passengers Carried 33,981 31,442 8.1 Cargo Carried 1,796 1,767 1.6 Passenger Seat Factor 80.0 80.0 --- Overall Capacity 35,467 32,057 10.6 Available Seat Kilometers 200,687 182,757 9.8 Aircraft (number) 169 148 14.2 Figure: 5 [Operational Performance of Emirates Airlines]. [Source: Created by the Author]. The Key Success approach is one of the approaches used for analyzing the competition of an organization. This approach aims at finding certain areas in which satisfactory will ensure and result in successful performance of an organization. In the context of the Airline industry, there are certain key success factors, which are described in the given diagram: People High-caliber staff is required for such service-oriented business. Training programs focusing on front-line, communicative skills with customers and internal employee management problem. Solving customer oriented problems while focusing on improvement objectives are the essential ingredients. Service Product/Promotions The actual product aircraft seating space, aircraft type and the class of service offerings must be competitive. Route System The airline route system is important in evaluating critical success factors. Revenue/Cost Control Maximizing revenue through innovative and competitive pricing schemes would prove to be beneficial in attracting customers. Financial Management In order to measure profitability it is essential to consider net-unit revenue. Figure: 6 [Key Success factors of Airline Industry]. [Source: Created by the Author]. References: Adler, N. and Gellman, A., 2012. Strategies for managing risk in a changing aviation environment.Journal of air transport management,21, pp.24-35. Adnh.com. (2017).Overview - Abu Dhabi National Hotels. Ahmad, S.Z. and Saber, H., 2015. Understanding marketing strategies with particular reference to small-and medium-sized hotel businesses in the United Arab Emirates.Tourism and Hospitality Research,15(2), pp.115-129. Daft, J. and Albers, S., 2013. A conceptual framework for measuring airline business model convergence.Journal of Air Transport Management,28, pp.47-54. El-Amrousi, M. and Biln, J., 2013. Abu Dhabi: Global Changes and Competing Visions of Modernity.GSTF Journal of Engineering Technology (JET),2(2), p.84. Emirates. (2018).Government affairs | About us | Emirates. [online] Available at: https://www.emirates.com/english/about-us/government-affairs.aspx [Accessed 1 Jan. 2018]. Henderson, J.C., 2014. Global Gulf cities and tourism: A review of Abu Dhabi, Doha and Dubai.Tourism Recreation Research,39(1), pp.107-114. Jasra, J.M., Hunjra, A.I., Rehman, A.U., Azam, R.I. and Khan, M.A., 2012. Determinants of business success of small and medium enterprises. Kumar, B.R. and Waheed, K.A., 2014. Determinants of dividend policy: Evidence from GCC market.Accounting and Finance Research,4(1), p.17. Uddin, M.H., Halbouni, S. and Raj, M., 2014. Performance of government-linked firms listed on two stock exchanges of the United Arab Emirates: An empirical study.Emerging Markets Finance and Trade,50(sup1), pp.212-236.